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Honour of Lancaster
The Honour of Lancaster was a medieval English honour (a large estate) located primarily in the north-west of England, between 1066 to the 15th century.
==Details==
The Honour of Lancaster was established after the Norman conquest of England after a wide band of territory, including the lands between the River Ribble and the River Mersey, was granted by William the Conqueror to Roger the Poitevin, a powerful Norman lord.〔Tait, p.154.〕 Roger formed his ''caput'', or chief castle, at Halton in modern day Cheshire.〔 The lands in the north-west of England formed a largely autonomous palatinate, but was linked to other land holdings stretching down as far as Suffolk, collectively known as the Honour of Lancaster.〔Tait, p.161.〕 Roger sided with Robert of Bellême against Henry I and was subsequently exiled, but the Honour remained intact as a distinct collection of estates.〔Tait, p.162.〕
Henry I gave the Honour to one of his nephews, Stephen of Blois, who later became king after Henry's death.〔Tait, p.163.〕 Control of the northern parts of the Honour was disputed during the civil war known as the Anarchy.〔Tait, p.172.〕 Henry II took the Honour, before it passed to Stephen's son, William, in the late 1150s.〔Tait, p.174.〕 William's widow held the Honour for a period, before it passed back to the Crown in 1164.〔Tait, p.176.〕 In 1189 Richard I granted the Honour to Prince John, when the estates were listed as providing a revenue of £200 a year.〔
By the end of the 12th century, the County of Lancaster was increasingly being referred to as separate from the more disparate Honour.〔Tait, p.177.〕 By the 14th century, the term Lancastershire was being used, and the term Honour had fallen into disuse, both being replaced by the shortened form of Lancashire by the 15th century.〔Tait, p.181.〕
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